1. Innovative AI Shaping the Future of Logistics

According to global research, the general AI logistics market is projected to increase from USD 412 million to USD 13,948 million by 2032, with a CAGR of 43.5%. North America is expected to lead this transformation, currently holding a 43% market share. The potential of innovative AI lies in its ability to minimize inventory levels, optimize delivery routes, identify risks, and enhance resource allocation, promising transformative impacts on productivity.

The application of synthetic AI brings improvements in real-time communication through chatbots and virtual assistants. This technology can forecast disruptions in the supply chain, addressing issues such as route deviations, unusual weather conditions, or service level agreement violations. With AI applications like real-time fleet tracking and control towers, businesses can proactively identify potential delays and mitigate risks before they impact revenue.

2. Fast Delivery Revolution

The global rise of the one-hour delivery model, prioritized by e-commerce, is gaining significant traction. In the U.S., major companies such as Gopuff, Instacart, and Getir are heavily investing in this trend, with projected revenues reaching USD 30.8 billion by 2024. This phenomenon is also spreading across regions like the Middle East and Indonesia.

India is experiencing rapid adoption of quick commerce, with forecasts indicating an annual growth rate of 49.5%, potentially pushing the market volume to USD 7.88 billion by 2027. The swift growth of quick commerce is reshaping the logistics landscape, driven by evolving consumer behavior and heightened expectations for ultra-fast deliveries.

3. Asset-Light Logistics Services

The trend towards asset-light logistics models is gaining popularity. This approach allows companies to focus on enhancing customer experiences while reducing dependence on physical assets, resulting in operational cost reductions.

Approximately 67.5% of global companies opt for third-party logistics providers (3PL) to handle transport operations, with 63.5% outsourcing warehouse systems. Experts believe that transportation costs, comprising over two-thirds of total logistics costs, are the primary driver for the increasing adoption of asset-light logistics approaches.

4. Cloud-Based Solutions Transforming Logistics Operations

Cloud-based solutions are driving digital transformation in logistics operations. Widely adopting cloud-based solutions provides advantages in terms of speed, cost efficiency, control, scalability, and security.

Within the next 5 years, 86% of supply chain-dependent companies will integrate cloud computing into their operations. The global cloud supply chain management market is projected to increase from USD 21.79 billion in 2022 to USD 71.93 billion in 2030, with a CAGR of 16.10%.

As businesses seek flexibility, efficiency, and cost savings in reshaping the logistics market, the cloud-based revolution will play a pivotal role. Choosing between on-site solutions and cloud-based solutions is a crucial decision for each business, each having its own advantages and disadvantages.

5. Prioritizing Carbon Emission Reduction

Reducing carbon emissions has become a top priority for many global logistics companies. In 2024, the industry is focusing on costs, efficiency, services, and, most importantly, carbon emissions.

The United States, a major contributor to transport-related carbon emissions, is expected to implement more robust initiatives to reduce carbon emissions by 2024. Indonesia is making progress due to consumers’ sustainable preferences. The Middle East, a significant player in global fuel production, is investing in technology to reduce carbon emissions. In contrast, India faces sustainability challenges, but logistics companies are actively investing in solutions to address carbon emissions.

Source:

The Times of India

https://vnexpress.net/5-xu-huong-tac-dong-den-thi-truong-logistics-nam-2024-4696046.html

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Rail Transport Shows Strong Growth in 2023

The year 2023 witnessed a robust recovery in traditional transportation modes, laying a crucial foundation for the transportation sector’s breakthrough in early 2024. Transportation activities are pivotal to infrastructure development, transportation policies, directly impacting the daily lives and business operations of enterprises.

Throughout 2023, road transportation activities remained stable, adhering to schedules and meeting the convenient and safe travel needs of the public and businesses. The MoT directed comprehensive inspections of the operations of passenger transport vehicles under contracts, tourist passenger transport businesses, and stringent checks on illegal passenger vehicles, unregistered stations, and irregular fixed-route vehicles. Notably, the MoT approved the “Enhancing the Application of Information Technology and Digital Transformation in the Road Sector for the 2023-2025 Period, Oriented to 2030” project.

Air transportation activities continued to show signs of rapid recovery, closely aligning with market demands domestically and internationally. By the end of 2023, air transport had resumed flights with 61 international airlines and 5 Vietnamese airlines operating 147 international routes connecting Vietnam with 28 countries and territories. The MoT introduced biometrics and implemented the use of electronic identification accounts (VNelD) for aviation procedures at all airports, enhancing the efficiency of slot coordination for takeoff and landing times through harmonizing the capacity of the system (services ensuring flight operations, terminals, parking lots, and accessibility traffic…) with market demands.

One of the most dynamically changing areas in 2023 was railway transport, marked by innovation, service quality, and punctuality rates for the Reunification Express and other routes exceeding 99%, with on-time performance ranging from 91% to 93%. The MoT decided to establish a new international intermodal station at Kep Station (Bac Giang), opening an international border gate within the country, launching several international intermodal trains transporting export goods from Song Than Station and Yen Vien to China.

Inland waterway and maritime transport gradually recovered steadily. The MoT focused on training human resources, allocating resources for investment to address bottlenecks in waterway transport corridors, public maritime flow routes, attracting investment in important seaports with high demand through significant cargo, concentrating on developing maritime transport fleets and inland waterway vehicles, streamlining administrative procedures, applying information technology, and implementing proposals for exemptions, reductions in fees, charges, and related taxes. The volume of goods passing through the seaport system has maintained growth over the years, handling a significant portion of import and export goods.

Tightening Business Operations, Improving Service Quality

In 2024, the MoT will continue restructuring the transportation market by reducing the market share of road transport and increasing the market share of waterway, maritime, railway, and air transport. There will be a strong focus on applying information technology in the operation, management, monitoring, and handling of violations in transportation activities. Additionally, efforts will be intensified in inspection and planned and surprise checks, focusing on the business and business conditions of road transport by motor vehicles, activities of passenger bus stations, and the compliance with regulations on road transport business conditions and business conditions on inland waterways.

In parallel with these solutions, the MoT will actively study and deploy aggressive, synchronized measures to promote the development of inland waterway transport and sea-crossing river transport. The ministry will continue to restructure the transportation market by reducing the market share of road transport and increasing the market share of waterway, maritime, railway, and air transport.

Moreover, the MoT will implement support measures, remove difficulties for businesses and the public, focus on developing multimodal transport and logistics services based on the application of science and technology, enhance the capacity, efficiency, and quality of transport services, and reduce logistics costs. The ministry will also strengthen the exploitation, use, and efficiency improvement of the data processing system from journey monitoring devices and build a unified national-level business operations management information system.

Regarding transport volume in 2024, the MoT targets an increase of approximately 7% in freight volume (tons) and 8% in passengers compared to 2023. The volume of freight turnover (ton-km) is expected to increase by about 8.5%, and passenger turnover (passenger-km) is anticipated to increase by about 9% compared to the same period in 2023. The volume of goods through Vietnam’s seaports in 2024 is projected to reach approximately 785 million tons, representing an increase of about 4% compared to 2023.

Source: Tin tức News

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Minister of Planning and Investment Nguyen Chi Dung stated that in Vietnam, green growth aiming for economic prosperity, environmental sustainability, and social equity is an imperative choice. This is also an opportunity for Vietnam to become a pioneering country in the region, aligning with global development trends and working towards the commitment of achieving zero net waste by 2050.

“Vietnam has identified green growth as a long-term choice to ensure a balanced goal of reducing total greenhouse gas emissions, alongside the increasingly developing and scaling economy. Green growth must truly be a process of transformation in awareness, in production, consumption, and policy-making mindset. It especially needs specific green transformation solutions based on innovative scientific and technological platforms,” Minister Nguyen Chi Dung emphasized.

Many businesses today have recognized the imperative nature of achieving green transformation goals. Mr. Than Duc Viet, General Director of May 10 Corporation, believes that in key export markets of Vietnam, more and more countries are setting standards for green production. Alongside this trend, consumers tend to care more about environmental protection in addition to product quality and prices. Therefore, green production is a goal that businesses must aim for.

“At May 10 Corporation, we are determined to be a green manufacturer, using green energy and fuel. Secondly, we use products from green sources, such as organic or recycled products. Thirdly, we use green factories for workers’ environments. Currently, we are focusing heavily on the growth rate of using green products, which is increasing year by year,” expressed Mr. Than Duc Viet.

According to recent assessments by the European Commission, the global market scale for green products and services is estimated to exceed USD 5,000 billion and is expected to grow much faster than traditional markets. By 2030, the green economy is projected to create around 24 million new jobs globally. Beyond economic benefits, the green economy also creates opportunities to attract investors strongly in various new sectors, including renewable energy, smart transportation, smart agriculture, green urban development, green construction, and green finance.

Source: Nguyen Hang/VOV1

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Ensuring Smooth Customs Clearance

The Vietnam Customs and Cargo Information System (VNACCS/VCIS), supported by the Japanese Government and handed over to the General Department of Customs for use since 2014, is the core system of Vietnam Customs, playing a crucial role in customs clearance activities, import and export (I&E) of goods, and Vietnam’s economy.

The implementation of the VNACCS/VCIS system at that time was a breakthrough in the process of customs reform and modernization, creating favorable conditions for the business community to carry out customs procedures.

The greatest significance of VNACCS/VCIS is its contribution to helping Vietnam Customs achieve the goal of building a centralized IT system, providing a platform for the implementation of all future modernization programs.

The significant benefits of the VNACCS/VCIS system over the past years cannot be denied and have been highly acknowledged and appreciated by leaders at all levels and the business community.

However, after nearly 10 years of operation, the system is overloaded. At the time of its operation, the number of declarations was only a few million sets per year, but now this number has increased to over 15 million sets per year. The scale of import and export turnover in 2014 was just over USD 298 billion, but by 2022, it had increased to over USD 730 billion (almost 2.5 times that of 2014).

On the other hand, the accompanying data is also substantial. While the warranty service for most hardware devices has expired…

To address these limitations, meet the requirements of building digital customs, digital transformation, and applying Industry 4.0 technology according to the Customs development strategy until 2030, based on the report of the General Department of Customs, on September 15, 2023, the Ministry of Finance issued Decision No. 1957/QD-BTC approving the investment policy for the project “Building an IT system for implementing digital customs to meet business requirements in customs clearance.”

Possibility of Integration and Expansion

The project aims to build and deploy an IT system serving customs business operations in the customs clearance phase, replacing the VNACCS/VCIS system.

The system has the capability to expand and integrate with existing IT systems based on the application of new technological achievements, conforming to international standards, meeting smart management requirements. It focuses on managing businesses, I&E goods, comprehensive transit management from the beginning to the end.

Simultaneously, it has the ability to integrate, connect, and share information with ministries, sectors, businesses through the National Single Window mechanism and is ready to exchange customs data with countries in the region and the world, making Vietnam Customs a digital customs. The IT system for digital customs implementation includes software, hardware, technical support services, and user training to meet the requirements of customs clearance tasks and other related business problems, ensuring system security, and compliance with the overall architecture towards Digital Finance and Digital Customs.

The project will meet the requirements of processing 22 business problems in customs operations, in areas such as customs management supervision, import-export tax, risk management, modernization reform, customs inspection, with an expected number of system functions around 2,500 functions.

After being approved by the Ministry of Finance, the leaders of the General Department of Customs directed resolutely and the entire sector focused on allocating resources to urgently implement related work content to strive to put the system into operation soon.

At the 2023 Tax and Customs Forum with the theme “Digital transformation of the Tax and Customs sectors for the convenience of citizens and businesses,” held on November 8, 2023, in Hanoi, the leaders of the IT and Statistics Customs Department (General Department of Customs) stated that according to the Customs sector’s digital transformation plan until 2025, aiming towards 2030, by 2025, the Customs sector will basically complete the Digital Customs. The focus is on completing the overall redesign of the IT system to meet the requirements of customs operations towards Digital Customs and meeting the requirements of information system security.

Specific targets for 2025 include: 100% of customs procedures being digitized and implemented electronically; 95% of documents in the customs file being transferred to digital data (by 2030, striving to achieve 100%); 100% of records related to organizations, individuals involved in import and export activities; people, vehicles for export, import, and transit; export, import, and transit goods being managed in digital data format…

Source: haiquanonline.com.vn

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The FIATA 2023 Congress, themed “Logistics in the Context of Climate Change,” has gathered more than 1,000 delegates from 80 countries. This year, the congress addresses the latest challenges, innovations, and development trends in the logistics industry to adapt to the global changes in climate and business environment.

The Vietnamese delegation at the congress includes 20 delegates, consisting of leaders of the Vietnam Logistics Business Association (VLA) and leaders of major international logistics companies in Vietnam.

According to conference documents, Stéphane Graber, Director-General of FIATA, noted that post-COVID-19, certain activities are being redistributed in Asia, and Vietnam is one of the destinations for logistics activities. Due to the increasing manufacturing activities in Vietnam, the country has many opportunities for the development of the logistics industry.

“Moreover, Vietnam not only benefits but also has an advantage with a comprehensive transportation system – road, air, sea, rail, and waterways – to develop into the logistics center of the region and the world,” shared Mr. Stéphane.

FIATA representatives emphasized that Vietnam is applying best practices in logistics development, showing a genuine need for internal development, specialization, and training. FIATA will closely coordinate with the Vietnam Logistics Business Association to enhance logistics training.

Dang Vu Thanh, Vice Chairman of the Vietnam Logistics Business Association, shared: “We hope that Vietnamese logistics companies will access new trends and have adaptive solutions to the current climate change and business environment. This is also an opportunity for businesses to connect, network, and cooperate in developing relevant fields.”

It is noteworthy that the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations has decided to choose Vietnam as the host country for the congress in 2025.

Therefore, Dang Vu Thanh expects the event to attract global logistics enterprises, providing opportunities for Vietnamese businesses to connect, learn, and enhance cooperation. This, in turn, contributes to promoting the development, digitization, and sustainability of the logistics industry in Vietnam, helping the country become a major logistics center.

FIATA General Director Stéphane Graber mentioned a survey in Hanoi in July to prepare for the congress in 2025. On this occasion, FIATA President Ivan Petrov and Stéphane Graber met and worked with Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh.

The Prime Minister hopes that Vietnam’s relationship with FIATA will be increasingly close and effective. He emphasized the need for Vietnam to cooperate with FIATA to seek advice on developing Vietnam’s logistics in line with the world’s common trends, helping to reduce costs, create low product prices, and enhance international competitiveness. The Prime Minister urged collaboration with Vietnam in human resource training, organizational management, and technology development.

The Prime Minister also requested FIATA leaders to show interest, support, and collaborate closely with Vietnamese authorities to successfully organize the 2025 congress.

Source: tuoitre.vn

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Leading a discussion with experts on carbon credits and emission reduction in the agricultural sector last week, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Le Minh Hoan stated, “In the future, the carbon credit trading market will become increasingly dynamic. Therefore, Vietnam’s agriculture needs to proactively embrace this trend to increase profits.”

Trading “Air” for Real Money

Carbon credits are tradable certificates representing the right to emit a certain amount of CO2 or an equivalent amount of other greenhouse gases converted to CO2. One carbon credit is equivalent to 1 ton of CO2 or 1 ton of CO2-equivalent.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, emissions reduction credit trading on the market is an advanced method increasingly adopted by many countries, creating a carbon trading market or greenhouse gas reduction credit exchange market. This type of market involves buying and selling commodities related to reduced or absorbed greenhouse gases. Participants can be businesses trading with each other or between domestic organizations and international organizations, such as financial institutions or enterprises.

In recent years, Vietnam has successfully executed carbon credit deals, earning approximately $60 million. The Bio-gas Livestock Farming Program in Vietnam, implemented in 53 provinces, has constructed 181,683 bio-gas facilities, benefiting one million people in rural areas.

International organizations have recognized Vietnam’s Bio-gas Program for contributing to greenhouse gas emission reduction. Through this program, Vietnam has sold 3,072,265 carbon credits, generating $8.1 million.

Especially in 2023, Vietnam’s forestry sector successfully sold 10.3 million forest carbon credits (equivalent to 10.3 million tons of CO2) through the World Bank. With a carbon credit selling price of $5 per ton, the total contract value reached $51.5 million. The World Bank paid the first installment of the Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, amounting to $41.2 million, achieving 80% of the contracted emission reduction. The remaining $10.3 million will be paid upon the completion of transferring the remaining 10.3 million tons of CO2.

Le Hoang The, Director of The VOS Ecological Company, highlighted that Vietnam is among the leading countries in the world with a high carbon emission growth rate. It ranks in the top 20 countries with the highest carbon emissions in 2022, with a growth rate of 57.3% from 2010 to 2022, placing it in the top 10 countries globally. The energy and industrial sectors contribute increasingly to Vietnam’s carbon emissions structure over the past 12 years.

According to Le Hoang The, Vietnam is also one of the countries with significant potential in supplying carbon credits, expecting high economic benefits as global demand is predicted to increase nearly 100 times by 2050. All branches of Vietnamese agriculture, from livestock farming and cultivation to afforestation, have the potential to shift towards low-emission production methods, implementing circular agriculture, ecological agriculture, and organic farming.

“Currently, each carbon credit (equivalent to reducing 1 ton of CO2 emissions) is being purchased by international organizations for $5. In the agricultural sector alone, Vietnam’s estimated potential could reach 57 million carbon credits per year (equivalent to reducing 57 million tons of CO2 emissions), which can be sold to international organizations, bringing in nearly $300 million annually,” noted Le Hoang The – CEO of The VOS

Changing Mindsets to Adapt to Trends

In the context of Vietnam implementing a green economy program, circular economy, and its commitment to UN climate change mitigation, aiming for a net-zero carbon footprint by 2050, Le Hoang The emphasized the need for a large, professional workforce to implement the central solution of establishing a mandatory carbon credit market. This workforce must have in-depth knowledge of relevant accreditation mechanisms, documentation preparation, and assessment of various types of carbon credits.

“Nowadays, people don’t just buy products; they also buy how those products are made. Our story is about changing mindsets to adapt to the changing trends of the world, which is crucial. Scientific thinking needs to change, business thinking needs to change, and our thinking needs to change. Open-mindedness, swift action, and tangible results are essential,” stressed the Minister, emphasizing that in the future, rice farmers won’t just sell rice, fruit growers won’t just sell fruits, and rice cultivation will include selling straw, bran, and tourism experiences. Particularly, agricultural production will involve selling carbon credits. It’s not just about “selling air” — in reality, we’ve already sold fresh money. The carbon credit trading market will become lively in the future, so Vietnamese agriculture needs to proactively embrace this trend to increase profits.

Source: Vietnam Economic Journal

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However, in recent times, the volume of railcars has increased considerably. “Presently, when we submit plans, regardless of the quantity, you can receive all the railcars, and they can transit to any country,” stated Mr. Nguyen Hoang Thanh.

Freight transport activities by rail between Vietnam and China have been in existence for a long time, but it was only in 2017 that the first container trains traversed the border between the two countries. Currently, most intermodal trains from Vietnam follow the Dong Dang – Píngxiang route, as the rail gauge from Hanoi to Dong Dang has been upgraded to standard specifications, allowing railcars from Píngxiang to travel directly to Hanoi.

Ratraco’s Deputy General Director revealed that Vietnam is connecting its intermodal railway to China, providing access to Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Central Asian countries, and Europe. Freight transported by rail from Vietnam to China is diverse, predominantly comprising fruits, agricultural products, and ores. Conversely, China transports goods such as raw materials, consumer goods, and machinery and equipment.

Compared to other transportation methods like air and sea, rail freight falls into an intermediate segment. Although it takes longer than air travel, rail freight costs are lower, and the volume of cargo transported is larger. The rail transport time is also significantly faster than sea transport. For instance, a container transported by sea from Vietnam to Russia can take up to 45 days, while rail transport only takes 25 days. This advantage allows rail transport to penetrate deeper into the inland areas.

The role of intermodal railways becomes more prominent during the period when land border crossings between Vietnam and China face congestion due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Mr. Thanh, there were times when all other forms of transportation ceased operations to combat the pandemic, but only intermodal trains continued to run briskly across the border of the two countries.

The history of the Vietnam – China railway dates back to the late 19th century when French colonialists built the Hanoi – Dong Dang railway connecting to Píngxiang. The construction was completed in 1902.

The Hai Phong – Yunnan railway, spanning 855 kilometers, was built by the French with the ambition to construct a railway across treacherous mountains, connecting to Kunming. Of the total length, 390 kilometers was located on Vietnamese territory (Hai Phong – Hanoi – Lao Cai), and 465 kilometers was in Chinese territory (from Hekou to Kunming).

At the time of its inauguration, the Hai Phong – Yunnan railway became a crucial transportation hub, serving the exploitation of minerals in Northern Vietnam and facilitating trade with China. However, it also resulted in the deaths of approximately 12,000 local workers and 80 Europeans during the construction period.

Currently, from Yen Vien station (Hanoi), trains can interconnect to China through two directions: Dong Dang – Pingxiang and Lao Cai – Hekou.

In 2019, in an event showcasing Vietnam’s diplomatic intermediary role, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un took a train from Pyongyang to Dong Dang station (Lang Son) and then proceeded to Hanoi to meet with Former President of USA – Donald Trump.

In the national railway network plan for the 2021-2030 period with a vision to 2050, the keyword “China” is mentioned nine times. This plan envisions the modernization and utilization of the two railway branches through Lao Cai and Lang Son to enhance transportation efficiency.

Presently, the Hai Phong – Lao Cai – Kunming railway, which has historical significance, is under review for investment and development by the authorities of both countries.

Since 2015, China has planned to reconstruct this railway line, and the Chinese government has provided non-repayable aid to Vietnam for project surveys and planning.

The project brings benefits in both directions. Vietnam has the opportunity to upgrade its railway infrastructure, promoting imports and exports with China. Meanwhile, goods from the southern provinces of China have the opportunity to access the international port of Hai Phong, which is much closer than the eastern ports of China.

In the case of China providing capital and technology for the project, the balance of benefits between the two sides may determine the level of preferential treatment Vietnam receives.

Recently, the Ministry of Transport has assigned the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the Railway to organize a feasibility study report on the investment project to build the Lao Cai – Hanoi – Hai Phong railway line.

On November 30th, during a meeting with the Secretary-General of the National Development and Reform Commission of China, Deputy Minister of Transport Nguyen Danh Huy affirmed, “The senior leadership of both countries has a shared and clear understanding, issuing a joint statement on cooperation to promote the implementation of several railway lines in Northern Vietnam connecting with China.”

In December, the theme of strengthening the connection of railway transportation infrastructure continued to be discussed in the meeting between Minister of Foreign Affairs Bui Thanh Son and his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi.

The national railway network plan identifies the Lao Cai – Hanoi – Hai Phong line as approximately 380 kilometers long, connecting from Lao Cai to the South Hai Phong station. The trains will run on a double track, electrified. The investment route is planned until 2030 and beyond 2030.

Source: dantri.com.vn

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Air – Sea Transport

This is a combination of air and sea transport to provide efficient and speedy transportation. The advantage of this form lies in the economic nature of sea transport and the speed advantage of air transport. Air – Sea transport is suitable for high-value goods such as electronics or seasonal goods like clothing, toys, and footwear. Moreover, this mode of transport utilizes large carrying capacity, low costs, and ensures rapid delivery to the recipient.

Air – Road Transport

This is a combination of the flexibility of road transport and the speed of air and road transport. Road transport plays the role of collecting and moving goods to the sender’s facilities, making it easy to receive and deliver goods. Air transport acts as an intermediary for transporting goods to long-haul continental flights.

Rail – Road Transport (Piggyback)

This form combines safety, large transport capacity, and the rapid speed of rail transport with the flexibility of road transport. Originating in the United States as Piggyback, this method is now widely used in the Americas and Europe. In this form, road transport collects and distributes goods at both ends, while rail transport takes care of the main segments to reduce transportation time, facilitating quick and convenient cargo delivery.

Multimodal Transport Rail/Road/Inland Waterway – Sea

This is the most common multimodal transport form, applied to transport import and export goods from one country to another. In this form, various modes of transport, such as rail, road, inland waterway, and sea, are combined to transport goods from exporters’ premises to seaports. This model is suitable for containerized cargo on transport routes that do not require urgent transportation.

Land Bridge Transport

For the Land Bridge multimodal transport form, goods are transported by road or rail, avoiding sea routes to shorten the travel distance. In this transport method, the land transport segment is likened to a bridge connecting two seas or two oceans.

Mini Bridge Transport

Containers are transported from one port in one country to another by sea. Subsequently, the cargo is transported by rail to the second seaport of the next country through a continuous unit provided by the sea transport operator.

Micro Bridge Transport

Similar to the Mini Bridge multimodal transport form, the Micro Bridge transport form differs only in the destination of the journey, which is not a seaport but an inland commercial center or industrial zone.

Sea Train Transport

This involves the combination of road and rail transport, including a sea-crossing railway line.

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